Opferterminologie im Psalter
by Christiane Radebach-Huonker
English summary: Sacrifice terminology in the psalms differs substantially from that in the priestly texts and in prophetic cult criticism. The meaning of sacrifice derived from these makes it clear that the psalms go their own way in their perception and interpretation of sacrifice. The reason for the new definition of sacrifice was the templeless era during the Babylonian exile and the unchanged diaspora situation with the Second Temple as a new religious centre. This made it necessary to redefine the relationship between the cult of material sacrifice, prayer and praising God. The psalm poets were not searching for an alternative to the official cult of the Second Temple, even if a certain distance to this was apparent. The fact that the authors of the psalms remained a part of the official cult and set their own priorities is expressed in the psalms by the preference given to offerings of thanks or votive offering as well as by the particular emphasis on the offering of praise to God and the personal relationship between the individual and God in the form of spiritualized sacrifices. German description: Die Opferterminologie im Psalter unterscheidet sich zum Teil wesentlich von der des priesterlichen Schrifttums und der prophetischen Opferkritik. Das sich daraus ableitende Opferverstandnis macht deutlich, dass die Psalmen in Bezug auf Wahrnehmung und Deutung von Opfern ihren eigenen Weg gehen. Anlass fur diese Neudefinition des Opferbegriffs sind die tempellose Zeit wahrend des Exils sowie die bleibende Diasporasituation mit dem Zweiten Tempel als neuem geistlichen Zentrum, aufgrund dessen eine neue Verhaltnisbestimmung zwischen materiellem Opferkult, Gebet und Gotteslob notwendig geworden war. Intention der Psalmdichter war nicht die Suche nach einer Alternative zum offiziellen Grosskult des Zweiten Tempels, auch wenn sich eine gewisse Distanz zu diesem konstatieren lasst. Das Verbleiben im Kult und die eigene Akzentsetzung drucken sich in den Psalmen durch Bevorzugung von Dank- und Gelubdeopfern sowie die besondere Betonung des Gotteslobes und der personlichen Beziehung des Beters zu Gott in Form von spiritualisierten Opfern aus.
Christiane Radebach-Huonker, Geboren 1971; 1991-98 Studium der ev. Theologie an der Universitat Hamburg; 1998-2000 Pravikariat im Kirchenkreis Lubeck; 2000-02 Mitarbeiterin im DFG-Projekt aTheatralitat, Kult und Rituale. Theater als kulturelles Modell in den Kulturwissenschaften, Teilbereich aTransformationen kultischer Darstellungen an der Universitat Munster; 1998-2006 Lehrauftrag Bibelkunde Altes Testament an der Universitat Hamburg; 2009 Promotion.
- By (author) Christiane Radebach-Huonker
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