Heilige Abfallgruben
Favissae und Kultdeposite in Israel/Palastina von der Spatbronzezeit bis zur Perserzeit
by Nicole Straaburger
The ritual burial of cultic objects is known worldwide-in the ancient Near East since 7th millennium BC. An object dedicated to a deity could not simply be removed from the sanctuary. Every now and then useless, damaged or superfluous objects were buried in pits, so-called favissae. Although many cultic objects and votive offerings have been excavated in Israel/Palestine the topic of ritual burial was not given much attention. The archaeological part of this study examines the development of this cultural practice, covering a period of 1200 years in the Southern Levant. Attention is paid to regional and cultural peculiarities. The results of the archaeological examination are used in the second part to contribute to the exegesis of a Biblical text (Gen 35,1-7).
The ritual burial of cultic objects is known worldwide, in the ancient Near East since 7 millennium BC. An object dedicated to a deity could not simply be removed from the sanctuary. Ever now and then useless, damaged or superfluous objects were buried in pits, so-called favissae (sg. favissa). Although many cultic objects and votive offerings have been excavated in Israel/Palestine the topic of ritual burial was not given much attention by Biblical archaeology. The archaeological part of the Nicole Straaburger’s study (chap. 5-8) examines the development of this cultural practice, covering a period of 1200 years in the Southern Levant as an “histoire de longue duree”. Attention is paid to regional and cultural peculiarities. The results of the archaeological examination are used in the second part (chap. 9) to contribute to the exegesis of a Biblical text: Gen 35,1-7 narrates Jacob’s burial of “foreign gods” and earrings beneath the Terebinth of Sichem.
Vorwort 1 Einleitung 2 Forschungsgeschichte 2.1 Zur Verwendung des Begriffs Favissa in der antiken Literatur 2.2 Forschungsgeschichte zur rituellen Bestattung innerhalb der Archaologie 3 Methodisches Vorgehen 4 Aufbau der Arbeit Archaologischer Teil 5 Archaologie der rituellen Bestattung in der Levante 5.1 Der Vergleichsbefund: Favissae in Zypern und im Syro-Phonizischen Raum 5.2 Zur religiosen Topographie der sudlichen Levante 5.3 Kriterienkatalog 6 Die Spatbronzezeit 6.1 Favissae und Kultdeposite der Spatbronzezeit 6.1.1 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Grabentempel I, Favissae 6.1.2 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Grabentempel II, Favissae 6.1.3 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Grabentempel III, Favissae 6.1.4 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Akropolis Areal P, Schicht VII/P-1, Favissae 6.1.5 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Akropolis Areal P, Schicht VI, Favissae 6.1.6 Hazor, Unterstadt Areal H, Orthostatentempel IB, Favissae 6.1.7 Megiddo (Tell el-Mutesellim), Areal B-B, "Tower Temple", Schichten VIII-VIIA, Favissa in der Plattform des Tempels 6.2 Mogliche Favissae und Kultdeposite der Spatbronzezeit 6.2.1 Schilo (Hirbet Selun), Areal D, Schicht VI 6.3 Andere Deposite der Spatbronzezeit 6.3.1 Tel Qasis (Tell el-Qassis), Hohle und Deposite am Fua des Tells 6.4 Die Favissae und Kultdeposite der Spatbronzezeit--Zusammenfassung und Interpretation der Befunde 7 Die Eisenzeit 7.1 Favissae und Kultdeposite der Eisenzeit 7.1.1 Tell Qasile, Kultgebaude 200, Stratum XI 7.1.2 Yavne (Tell ed-Deir), "Temple Hill" Favissa 7.1.3 Aschdod-Yam (Minet al-Qala), Favissa an der Befestigungsanlage 7.1.4 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Akropolis, Schicht IV, Favissa in Locus "Room 49" 7.1.5 Kuntilet 'Agrud (Horvat Teiman), Building A, Kultnische 7.1.6 'En Haseva ('En Hosb), "Edomitischer Schrein", Stratum 5/4 7.1.7 Ramat Rahel (Hirbet Salih), Gruben im zentralen Palasthof, Stratum V, Building Phase 2 7.2 Mogliche Favissae und Kultdeposite der Eisenzeit 7.2.1 Tel Moza, mogliche Favissa in Areal B 7.2.2 Horvat Qitmit, ostlicher Hang, Deposit Locus 80 7.3 Andere Deposite der Eisenzeit 7.3.1 Hazor (Tell el-Qedah) Akropolis, Areal B, Hortfund, Schicht XI 7.3.2 Jerusalem, Sudostlicher Hugel, Deposit in Cave I, Stratum 12 7.3.3 Samaria (Sebastia), Struktur E 207, Periode VI 7.3.4 Tel Michal, Osthugel, Deposite an Gebaude 300 7.3.5 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Akropolis, Schicht III, Grube 135 7.3.6 Aschkelon, Hortfund 7.3.7 Tell es-Seba', Stratum III/II, Grube L866 7.4 Die Favissae und Kultdeposite der Eisenzeit--Zusammenfassung und Auswertung 8 Die Perserzeit 8.1 Favissae und Kultdeposite der Perserzeit 8.1.1 Tel Sippor (Tell et-Tayur), Siedlungshugel 8.1.2 Tel 'Erani (Tell es Seh Ahmed el-'Areni), Areal D, Grube in fruhbronzezeitlicher Mauer 8.1.3 Tel Akko (Tell es-Fukhar), Areal F, Phase 5, Locus 46 8.1.4 Dor (Hirbet el-Burg), Areal C1, Locus 4321 8.1.5 Dor (Hirbet el-Burg), Areal B, Locus 228 8.2 Mogliche Favissae und Kultdeposite der Perserzeit 8.2.1 Tell es-Safi (hebr. Gat), Fundansammlung "rubbish heap" 8.2.2 Lachisch (Tell ed-Duwer), Cemetery, Areal 500, Deposite 8.3 Andere Deposite der Perserzeit 8.3.1 Dor (Hirbet el-Burg), Areal D2, Square AN/11, Locus L15066 8.3.2 Dor (Hirbet el-Burg), Areal D2, Square AK/13, Locus L17072 8.3.3 Dor (Hirbet el-Burg), Areal D2, Square AO/12-13, Locus 30049 8.4 Die Favissae und Kultdeposite der Perserzeit--Zusammenfassung und Auswertung Exegetischer Teil 9 Gen 35,17: Das Vergraben der Gotter unter der Terebinthe von Sichem 9.1 Literatur 9.2 Der Text Gen 35,1-7: Exegese 9.3 Gen 35,4 im archaologischen und historischen Kontext 9.3.1 Die Terebinthe von Sichem 9.3.2 Das Vergraben der Figurinen und Ohrringe 9.4 Analyse von Gen 35,1-7 im archaologischen und historischen Kontext 9.5 Zusammenfassung 10 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 11 Anhang 11.1 Abkurzungsverzeichnis 11.2 Literaturverzeichnis 11.3 Ortsregister 11.4 Abbildungen und Fotos
- By (author) Nicole Straaburger
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