Ideas and Images: A Historical Interpretation of Eastern Vindhyan Rock Art, India

This book argues that the development of symbols and signs informing scripts, mainly the idea of coding thoughts through symbols and images, has always been uniquely ‘historical.’ Rock art abuts and occupies long periods of time in which the translation of indigenous thoughts was perfected through numerous mnemonic practices.

Ideas and Images argues that the development of symbols and signs informing scripts, mainly the idea of coding thoughts through symbols and images, has always been uniquely ‘historical.’ Rock art abuts and occupies long periods of time, from the Mesolithic, Neolithic-Chalcolithic, and Iron Age, to the medieval and colonial, in which the translation of indigenous thoughts was perfected through numerous mnemonic practices, some of them evidently to record in a surprisingly sophisticated historical oeuvre. These are ordered and direct representations of the ontological, philosophical, thought-object world of prehistoric or pre- or non-scripted communities. Such representations are better understood as so many graphic archives, and their temporality is broadly sequential, authentic, unique and historically contextualized since they record exceptional and everyday events, but also sometimes emotionally or humorously charged stories. The genre called ‘rock art’ is a successful and reliable record of interpretations accorded to society and the natural worlds of the past. The development of symbols informing scripts, or the idea of coding thoughts through symbols, was already in the domain of rock art thousands of years ago. This work builds on the strength of recent historical and archaeological work arguing for the presence of a ‘historical sense’ in prehistory as the basis for including all prehistoric material as potentially of historical value. The rise of scripts in early parts of the historical era was therefore anticipated in earlier techniques of memorialization. Much of Vindhyan rock art came into existence during a period identified distinctly as historical, and it offers alternate perspectives and views of the ‘historical’. The book presents verifiable imagery and events in rock art. It is also postulated that it might be worth considering whether rock art influenced later symbolic forms in terracotta, pottery, sculpture, and coinage. Human, animal, design, decorative forms and imagery feature in all these chronologically later media, although such comparisons and relationships posited with rock art on a one-to-one basis would be misleading.

Chapter 1: Rethinking Rock Art

Chapter 2: The Eastern Vindhyan Field Area

Chapter 3: The Archaeological Context

Chapter 4: Symbols in East Vindhyan Rock Art

Chapter 5: Skills and Techniques

Chapter 6: Cognitive Elements in Vindhyan Rock Art

Chapter 7: Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives

Chapter 8: Rock Art and Classical Culture

Chapter 9: Towards a Vindhyan History

Chapter 10: Conclusion

Bibliography

Index

Ajay Pratap is a Professor of Ancient Indian History and a long-serving member of the Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. He took an undergraduate degree in History from the prestigious St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi, before attending the Deccan College, Pune University, for an M.A. in Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology. He was then an Inlaks Scholar to the Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, for an M.Phil and a PhD in Archaeology. Besides two research projects involving rock art, he has taught various courses in Ancient Indian History, Tribal History, History of Ancient Science, Medicine and Technology and Research Methodology. His publications consist of four books and numerous research articles, chapters in edited volumes and book reviews covering ancient India, Indian archaeology, shifting cultivation, gender prehistory, the Harappan script, ancient astronomy and rock art. Most of his field research from the 1980s has been on indigenous communities and their subsistence systems, history and archaeology, focussing on the mountainous and hilly hinterlands of the Ganges Valley, like the Rajmahal Hills and the North Vindhyan ranges.

• By (author) Ajay Pratap

"The book presents a vibrant picture of the hunter foragers of the Mesolithic age followed by that of early pastorals and agropastoral communities in the Eastern Vindhya region through the study of rock art of the region and the creative tradition followed by in the early historical period. It will be strengthened in the light of more scientific work on the rock art of the region in future, it is hoped." Prof. Dr Giriraj Kumar (2024): Dayalbagh Educational Institute
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‘The book presents a vibrant picture of the hunter foragers of the Mesolithic age followed by that of early pastorals and agropastoral communities in the Eastern Vindhya region through the study of rock art of the region and the creative tradition followed in the early historical period. It will be strengthened in the light of more scientific work on the rock art of the region in future, it is hoped.’ – Prof. Dr Giriraj Kumar (2024): Dayalbagh Educational Institute

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