Hebraisches Evangelium und synoptische Uberlieferung
Untersuchungen zum hebraischen Hintergrund der Evangelien
by Guido Baltes
English summary: Guido Baltes argues that the quest for possible Hebrew origins of the gospel tradition might provide a useful methodological tool for work on the synoptic problem. He sets out to paint a picture of a trilingual language milieu for the period of Second Temple Judaism in which spoken Hebrew is used alongside Aramaic and Greek both as a vernacular and literary language and suggests that Hebrew should therefore be considered as a possible linguistic milieu of origin for the early gospel tradition. Selected passages from the synoptic tradition are hypothetically retroverted into a linguistically plausible Hebrew language form to enable their placement within the context of early Jewish literature. From here, a possible history of tradition is reconstructed that includes the transition from the Hebrew to the Greek language milieu and the formation of different synoptic variants. The results of the study tentatively point into the direction of an early proto-matthaean stage of the gospel tradition preceding the three canonical gospels. German description: Guido Baltes untersucht, inwieweit die Frage nach einer hebraischen Fruhgestalt der Evangelientradition einen weiterfuhrenden Beitrag zur Arbeit am synoptischen Problem liefern kann. Er zeigt zunachst, dass in der judischen Welt des zweiten Tempels, entgegen verbreiteter Annahmen, das Hebraische neben dem Aramaischen und dem Griechischen als gleichwertige Alltags- und Umgangssprache Verwendung fand und daher auch als linguistisches Ursprungsmilieu der Evangelientradition in Betracht gezogen werden muss. Im Anschluss analysiert er anhand ausgewahlter Perikopen die mogliche hebraische Fruhgestalt einzelner Uberlieferungen, um diese historisch plausibel in den Kontext judischer Literatur einzuordnen und dann auch Ruckschlusse fur die synoptische Frage zu ziehen. Im Ergebnis zeichnet sich ein komplexes Modell synoptischer Beziehungen ab, in dem eine protomatthaisch gepragte Fruhform der Uberlieferung den drei kanonischen Evangelien vorausgeht.
Guido Baltes, Geboren 1968; Studium der evangelischen Theologie in Oberursel und Marburg; 1996 Ordination; 2003-2009 Auslandsdienst in Jerusalem; 2010 Promotion; Dozent fur Neues Testament am Marburger Bibelseminar und Pfarrer i.E. in der okumenischen Kommunitat Christus-Treff (Marburg).
- By (author) Guido Baltes
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