La cite grecque archaique et classique et l’ideal de tranquillite
by Paul Demont
Dans la democratie athenienne, la participation a la vie politique oscillait entre une implication ardente, voire activiste, et un ideal de tranquillite (hesychia, apragmosyne): le coeur du livre est consacre a cette problematique.
English summary: While ancient Greek city-states recognised work as an ethical requirement, their cohesion was also predicated on an ideal of individual and collective tranquillity (hsychia) whose development this book traces up to Pindar’s eighth Pythian [ode] (the text of which is included, along with a translation, a historic commentary and an interpretation).In Athenian democracy, this hesychian ideal subsisted, but in the new form of apragmosyn or (“refusal to engage in business”), it began to conflict with the need to directly participate in the city-state. Numerous 5th- and 6th-century BC texts (notably in the works of Euripides, Aristophanes, Thucydides and Plato) can only be fully understood in this context. Fourth-century Greek thinkers and philosophers (mainly Plato, Xenophon, Isocrates and Aristotle) recomposed this past in order to construct both an active and tranquil “leisure” (schol) ideology whose genesis is examined in the third part of this book, as well as its theoretical and historic implications, even as Demosthenes struggled to maintain his status within the heart of Athenian democracy. French description: Les cites de l’aristocratie grecque archaique reconnaissaient l’activite, le travail comme une exigence ethique, mais leur cohesion supposait aussi un ideal de tranquillite individuelle et collective (hesychia) dont ce livre suit d’abord le developpement jusqu’a la huitieme Pythique de Pindare (dont on trouvera le texte, la traduction, un commentaire historique et une interpretation). Dans la democratie athenienne, cet ideal d’hesychia subsiste, mais, sous la forme nouvelle de l’apragmosyne ou refus des affaires , il entre en conflit avec l’exigence de participation directe a la cite: de nombreux textes des Ve et IVe siecles avant notre ere (notamment chez Euripide, Aristophane, Thucydide et Platon) ne prennent tout leur sens que dans cette perspective. Les penseurs et les philosophes du IVe siecle (notamment Platon, Xenophon, Isocrate et Aristote) recomposent ce passe pour construire une ideologie du loisir (schole) a la fois actif et tranquille, dont la troisieme partie du livre etudie la naissance et les implications a la fois theoriques et historiques, tandis qu’un Demosthene tente encore de tenir son poste au coeur de la democratie athenienne. Paul Demont est professeur de langue et litterature grecques a l’Universite de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris – IV).
Introduction
Premiere partie
La naissance de l'ideal de tranquillite civique I. La condamnation de l'oisivete et l'apparition des ideaux de tranquillite II. Pindare et l'idealisation de la tranquilliteDeuxieme partie
La democratie athenienne et les debats autour des ideaux de tranquillite I. La thematique de la tranquillite dans la democratie II. Le theatre et la mise en scene de la tranquillite III. Histoire et rhetorique : l'analyse de la tranquilliteTroisieme partie
Ideaux de tranquillite et de loisir (schole) au quatrieme siecle I. Xenophon contre la paresse II. Platon, la tranquillite et l'action III. Isocrate et l'ambition de la tranquillite IV. Aristote : la schole est la fin de l'homme V. Anciens et nouveaux ideaux de tranquillite a Athenes- By (author) Paul Demont
Other Titles in this Series
Les vertus therapeutiques du banquet
medecine et ideologie dans les Propos de Table de Plutarque
Volume 146
Menades
Recherches sur la genese iconographique du thiase feminin de Dionysos des origines a la fin de la periode archaique
Volume 137
Euripide et les legendes des Chants Cypriens
Des origines de la guerre de Troie a l'Iliade
Volume 140
Le Kaleidoscope herodoteen
Images, imaginaire et representations de l'Egypte a travers le livre II d'Herodote
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