Fremdes in Anatolien
Importguter aus dem Ostmittelmeerraum und Mesopotamien als Indikator fur spatbronzezeitliche Handels- und Kulturkontakte
by Ekin Kozal
English summary: During the Late Bronze Age (c. 1500-1200 BCE), an intensive exchange of goods developed in the Near East and eastern Mediterranean, which was possessed of a multifaceted nature and led to a first type of “globalization.” This exchange connected Egypt with the various major Babylonian state through Palestine and to the Mycenaean culture of Greece as well as their vassals in the Levant and on Cyprus. The greatest part of Anatolia in this period of time was ruled by the Hittite Empire. This study deals with all of the known foreign goods (goods derived from Cyprus, Egypt, the Levant, the Aegean Sea, and Mesopotamia) from the Late Bronze Age discovered in Anatolia. This study is concerned therefore with the objects made from various materials which are classified into different object-groups, such as vessels, figurines, reliefs, jewelry, weights, furniture, seals, and gaming boards. All of the objects in this collection were categorized according to a rigorous typology and within the context of their contemporary usage and origin. The descriptions for each object also include information about the context of their discovery in order to provide as exact a context as possible about their functional importance. On the basis of this collection of foreign goods, the connections between Anatolia and its various neighbors can be shown in their variety and intensity as well as providing a basis for comparing Anatolia’s production of goods with other regions. This collection’s goal is to highlight Anatolia’s roles in discussions about the Late Bronze Age trading networks and to expand our understanding of Anatolia in the ancient world. German description: Wahrend der Spatbronzezeit (ca. 1500-1200 v. Chr.) entwickelte sich in Vorderasien und dem Ostmittelmeerraum ein intensiver Guteraustausch, der vielfaltiger Natur war und zu einer ersten “Globalisierung” fuhrte. Er wurde massgeblich getragen von den Palasten der verschiedenen Grossreiche von Babylonien uber Agypten bis zum mykenischen Griechenland sowie deren Vasallen in der Levante und auf Zypern. Der grosste Teil Anatoliens wurde in dieser Zeit vom Hethitischen Reich beherrscht. In der vorliegenden Studie werden alle bekannten, aus dem Ostmittelmeerraum (Agais, Zypern, Agypten, Levante) und Mesopotamien stammenden Fremdguter behandelt, die in spatbronzezeitlichen Kontexten in Anatolien gefunden wurden. Es handelt sich dabei um Gegenstande aus unterschiedlichen Materialien, die sich verschiedenen Objektgruppen zuordnen lassen, u.a. Gefassen, Figurinen, Reliefs, Schmuck, Gewichten, Mobelteilen, Siegeln, Spielbrettern. Alle Objekte werden typologisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer zeitlichen Stellung und ihrer Herkunft eingeordnet. Weiterhin werden die Fundkontexte ausgewertet, um ihre funktionale Bedeutung bestimmen zu konnen. Anhand dieser Fremdguter lasst sich zeigen, welcher Art und Intensitat die Beziehungen Anatoliens zu den verschiedenen Nachbarregionen waren, wobei genau zwischen den verschiedenen Gebieten innerhalb Anatoliens differenziert werden muss. Auf diese Weise wird Anatolien erstmals grundlegend in die Diskussion um das Austauschnetz der spatbronzezeitlichen Welt einbezogen.
- By (author) Ekin Kozal
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