Tell el-Dab`a XIX

Auaris und Memphis im Mittleren Reich und in der Hyksoszeit. Vergleichanalyse der materiellen Kultur

by Bettina Bader

Extent: 775 pages

Publisher: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press

Subjects: Ancient Egypt

Series: Denkschrift der Gesamtakademie

Series volume number: 31

Language: German

Paperback (Published)

(June 2009)

ISBN: 9783700160441

Price: $202.00

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Synopsis
Contributing Authors

English summary: This volume presents the data used for the synchronisation of the stratigraphic levels of two Egyptian settlement sites, one of the late Middle Kingdom and the other, the Second Intermediate Period (ca. 1770 – 1550/40 BC). The analysis is based on the ceramic finds from the settlement layers of the ancient capitals of Tell el-Dab’a (Avaris) in the eastern Delta and of Kom Rabica (Memphis) just south of modern Cairo. Whilst the main focus of the research project was synchronising the relative chronologies of these two sites, another activity was an investigation of the possibility of archaeologically tracing the physical presence of the Hyksos, who allegedly conquered and ruled all of Egypt, in Memphis. The methods applied include random sampling, presence/absence analysis and quantitative analysis, the levels in question being phases G/4 to D/2 at Tell el-Dab’a and levels VIII to V at Kom Rabica. Whereas the material from the beginning of these sequences is quite comparable, in the course of analysis it emerged that the development of the material cultures of these two sites took different routes, particularly from level VId and phase E/1 onwards. Under the rule of the Hyksos, in the delta area a hybrid material culture developed that contained traits of Levantine Middle Bronze Age culture as well as the native Egyptian culture, as is most clearly expressed in the ceramic corpus. In contrast, the ceramic corpus at Kom Rabica developed out of the later Middle Kingdom corpus. This suggests that Memphis was not subjected to colonisation by the Hyksos. German description: Diese Arbeit legt die Anhaltspunkte fur die Synchronisierung der Schichten zweier Siedlungsplatze des spaten Mittleren Reichs und der Zweiten Zwischenzeit (ca. 1770-1550/40 v. Chr.) in Agypten vor. Die Grundlage dafur bildet das keramische Fundmaterial aus reinen Siedlungsschichten der beiden antiken Hauptstadte in Tell el-Dab’a (Auaris) im ostlichen Nildelta und Kom Rabica (Memphis) sudlich von Kairo. Neben der Gleichsetzung der archaologischen Schichten und damit der relativen Chronologien, sollte auch festgestellt werden, ob die Hyksos, die nach den teilweise verderbten Schriftquellen in Agypten eingefallen sein und ganz Agypten beherrscht haben sollen, tatsachlich physisch in Memphis als Siedler (oder Besatzer) anwesend waren. Die angewandten Methoden umfassen Zufallsstichprobenziehung, presence/absence-Analyse und quantitative Analysen. Die betreffenden archaologischen Schichten umfassen Phase G/4 bis D/2 in Tell el-Dab’a und Level VIII bis V in Kom Rabica. Wahrend sich der Beginn der beiden Sequenzen gut vergleichen liess, stellte sich im Laufe der Analysen heraus, dass sich die materielle Kultur in Level VId bzw. E/1 verschieden weiterentwickelte. Im Delta hatte sich unter der Hyksosherrschaft eine eigene materielle Kultur entwickelt, die sowohl Zuge der levantinischen Mittleren Bronzezeitkultur als auch der agyptischen Kultur beinhaltet. Diese Kultur findet seinen wesentlichsten Ausdruck in der Keramik. Im Gegensatz dazu entwickelte sich die Keramik in Kom Rabica aus dem alteren Korpus des Mittleren Reiches. Die Analyse der Befunde legt nahe, dass die Hyksos Memphis aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach nicht im herkommlichen Sinn kolonisierten.

By (author) Bettina Bader

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