Nordost-Tor und persische Belagerungsrampe in Alt-Paphos
IV. Skulpturen, Votivmonumente und Bauteile in der Belagerungsrampe
By (author) Danielle Leibundgut Wieland By (author) Veronica Tatton-Brown Edited by Marie-Louise von Wartburg
Hardback (Published)
(November 2019)
ISBN: 9783954904105
8.27 x 11.69 inches
Price: $147.00
In stock
For the history and archaeology of the city of Palaipaphos (Old Paphos) on Cyprus, the Persian siege ramp at the Northeast Gate on the Marcello plateau is of immense interest. Since the ramp was heaped up in the context of a military siege dated to shortly after 500 BC, it forms a unique chronological reference point for Archaic Cyprus. Built into the ramp were fragments of a deliberately-destroyed sanctuary, together with its votive offerings. This volume presents the unusual assemblage in its entirety for the first time and examines its archaeological and art-historical significance. <br/>
English summary: For the history and archaeology of the city of Palaipaphos (Old Paphos) on Cyprus, seat of the kings of Paphos and famous for its large sanctuary of Aphrodite, the Persian siege ramp at the Northeast Gate on the Marcello plateau is of immense interest. Here, in a dominant position above the city, the monumental gate and a section of the defensive walls, with a tower and a dry ditch, form a key point in the ancient defences of the city. Fire debris, weapon finds and a mighty siege ramp bear witness to a war which took place shortly after 500 BC. In the heaped-up rubble of the ramp, fragments came to light of a sanctuary which had been deliberately destroyed to build the ramp and which must have stood outside the city. The original location and ground plan of the sanctuary can no longer be traced, but it has been possible to determine the nature of its architecture and some of the interior furnishings. This unusual assemblage, for which a terminus ante quem is provided by the siege, includes some of the finest Archaic sculptures found on Cyprus, along with votive stelai, small altars, blocks bearing inscriptions, stone implements, and architectural elements, including large palm capitals, moulded cornices and blind windows with balustrades. It is thought that the sanctuary was dedicated to a powerful tutelary god and to Aphrodite, goddess of Paphos. Its situation, close to the monumental Northeast Gate, its sculptural ornamentation, and the choice of pictorial motifs for the votive offerings not only indicate the high status of this cult site but show that it was closely connected with the king of Paphos and the city’s elite. Notable amongst the statuary are male figures wearing royal insignia and robes which were probably reserved for religious ceremonies. These include a particularly striking bearded head which is interpreted as a ceremonial portrait of one of the priest-kings of Paphos. His crown and hair style combine elements of Egyptian and Assyrian/Persian symbols of rulership. German description: Fur die Geschichte und Archaologie der Stadt Alt-Paphos auf Cypern, Sitz der paphischen Konige und beruhmt fur das grosse Aphrodite-Heiligtum, ist die persische Belagerungsrampe beim Nordost-Tor auf dem Marchellos-Plateau von hochstem Interesse. Hier, in dominanter Position uber der Stadt, bilden das monumentale Tor, ein Teil der Wehrmauern mit Turm und ein Trockengraben einen Schlusselpunkt der antiken Stadtbefestigung. Brandreste, Waffenfunde und eine machtige Belagerungsrampe zeugen von einem Krieg, der kurz nach 500 v. Chr. stattgefunden hat. In der Rampenaufschuttung kamen Trummer eines zum Bau der Rampe mutwillig abgebrochenen Heiligtums zutage, das ausserhalb der Stadt gestanden haben muss. Ursprungliche Lage und Grundriss der Kultstatte lassen sich nicht mehr bestimmen, doch ist es gelungen, den baulichen Charakter und Teile der Innenausstattung zu erfassen. Zum ungewohnlichen Fundkomplex, dessen spatestmogliches Datum durch die Belagerung gegeben ist, gehoren einige der qualitatvollsten auf Cypern gefundenen archaischen Skulpturen, ausserdem Votivstelen, kleine Altare, Inschriftblocke, Steingerate und Bauteile, darunter grosse Palmkapitelle, profilierte Gesimse und Scheinfenster mit Balustrade. Der Standort des vermutlich einem machtigen Schutzgott und der paphischen Aphrodite geweihten Heiligtums in der Nahe des monumentalen Nordost-Tores, seine Bauornamentik und die Wahl der Bildmotive fur die Weihgaben machen deutlich, dass die Kultstatte einen hohen Rang und zudem eine enge Verbindung zum paphischen Konig und der Elite hatte. Bemerkenswert sind mannliche Statuen mit koniglichen Insignien und Gewandern, die wahrscheinlich nur im Kult getragen wurden, darunter besonders herausragend ein bartiger Kopf, der als zeremonielles Portrat eines Priesterkonigs von Paphos gedeutet wird. Seine Krone und Haartracht vereinen Elemente agyptischer und assyrisch-persischer Herrschaftssymbolik.
- By (author) Danielle Leibundgut Wieland
- By (author) Veronica Tatton-Brown
- Edited by Marie-Louise von Wartburg
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