Early Indian Metallurgy
The Production of Lead, Silver and Zinc through Three Millennia in North West India
Edited by P. T. Craddock By (author) K.T.M. Hegde By (author) L.K. Gurjar By (author) L. Willies
Paperback (Published)
(March 2017)
ISBN: 9781909492516
8.27 x 11.61 inches
Price: $120.00
In stock
Groundbreaking research on ancient mining and metallurgy in India, focusing on the sites of Agucha, Dariba, and Zawar in Rajasthan’s Aravalli Hills. Through archaeological surveys and excavations, the authors trace over 3,000 years of technological development, including large-scale silver mining by the Mauryan Empire and the world’s earliest commercial zinc production. The study reveals how early Indian scientific knowledge evolved into industrial-scale processes, predating similar European developments by centuries.
Most studies of ancient technology have hitherto been based on the civilisations of the Mediterranean and Middle East, especially those of Egypt, Greece and Rome. In this volume the extraordinarily well preserved remains at three major mining and metal production sites in the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan (Agucha, Dariba and Zawar) were revealed. At these sites, by survey and archaeological excavation, the authors, studied the long-term development of mining and smelting activity over 3000 years. At Dariba and Agucha silver was mined by the Mauryan Empire on a colossal scale over 2,000 years ago. At Zawar the Mauryan mines seem to have produced mainly zinc oxide, but in the Medieval period zinc metal was produced by advanced processes of high temperature distillation, almost certainly the earliest commercial zinc production in the world. Here the laboratory processes described in the early Indian scientific works were developed into major industrial processes, the birth of chemical industry at least 500 years before similar developments began in Europe. The authors also analyse the decline and rebirth of extractive metallurgy in India.
Chapter 1 Introduction P.T. Craddock
Chapter 2 Early metallurgy in the Aravalli Hills and Rajasthan P.T. Craddock
Chapter 3 The history and monuments of Zawar, Rajpura-Dariba and Rampura-Agucha and the foundation of Hindustan Zinc Limited L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 4 Geography and geology L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 5 Investigation of the mining operations at Zawar, Dariba and Agucha L. Willies, L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 6 Survey and excavation of the surface sites at Zawar, Dariba and Agucha P.T. Craddock
Chapter 7 The scientific examination of industrial materials from Zawar, Dariba and Agucha A.P. Middleton, C.R. Cartwright, P.T. Craddock, K. Eckstein, I.C. Freestone, D.R. Hook and N.D. Meeks
Chapter 8 Mining and beneficiation P.T. Craddock and L. Willies
Chapter 9 Smelting P.T. Craddock
Chapter 10 Process silver P.T. Craddock
Chapter 11 The production of brass and zinc P.T. Craddock
Chapter 12 Extinction and revival: Indian metallurgical industry from the 17th to the 21st century P.T. Craddock
Chapter 13 Summary and overview: beyond the Aravallis and beyond India P.T. Craddock
Bibliography
Index,
Chapter 1Â Introduction
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 2Â Early metallurgy in the Aravalli Hills and Rajasthan
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 3Â The history and monuments of Zawar, Rajpura-Dariba and Rampura-Agucha and the foundation of Hindustan Zinc Limited
L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 4Â Geography and geology
L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 5Â Investigation of the mining operations at Zawar, Dariba and Agucha
L. Willies, L.K. Gurjar and P.T. Craddock
Chapter 6Â Survey and excavation of the surface sites at Zawar, Dariba and Agucha
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 7Â The scientific examination of industrial materials from Zawar, Dariba and Agucha
A.P. Middleton, C.R. Cartwright, P.T. Craddock, K. Eckstein, I.C. Freestone, D.R. Hook and N.D. Meeks
Chapter 8Â Mining and beneficiation
P.T. Craddock and L. Willies
Chapter 9Â Smelting
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 10Â Process silver
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 11Â The production of brass and zinc
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 12Â Extinction and revival: Indian metallurgical industry from the 17th to the 21st century
P.T. Craddock
Chapter 13Â Summary and overview: beyond the Aravallis and beyond India
P.T. Craddock
Bibliography
Index
- Edited by P. T. Craddock
- By (author) K.T.M. Hegde
- By (author) L.K. Gurjar
- By (author) L. Willies
"As such this excellent book is a must for any archaeometallurgical library and can be a useful tool for any scholar working on this wide field." Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences - November 2017
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As such this excellent book is a must for any archaeometallurgical library and can be a useful tool for any scholar working on this wide field."
—
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