Symbol Formation in Psychoanalysis

Clinical and Observational Work with Children and Adults

By (author) Marisa Pelella Mélega

Book cover: Symbol Formation in Psychoanalysis

Extent: 174 pages

Publisher: The Harris Meltzer Trust

Subjects: Psychology, Psychoanalysis, & Psychotherapy

Language: English

Paperback (Published)

(February 2023)

ISBN: 9781914901126

5.08 x 7.8 inches

Price: $24.00

In stock

PDF (Published)

(February 2023)

ISBN: 9781914901140

Price: $24.00

The importance of symbol formation as a primary goal in psychoanalysis, and an indicator of developmental progress, is based on the post-Kleinian conviction that, since Bion’s theory of thinking and Meltzer’s elucidation of the role of ‘dream life’, focuses on the desire for knowledge as the resolution of emotional conflict.


Marisa Pelella Melega draws on a broad spectrum of clinical and observational work, gathered over many years as a practising and teaching psychoanalyst based in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The role of symbol formation as a goal in psychoanalysis, and an indicator of developmental progress, has always been recognised. The post-Kleinian understanding of its operation has advanced since Bion’s theory of thinking and Meltzer’s elucidation of the role of ‘dream life’, which view the desire for knowledge as the resolution of emotional conflict, with symbol formation being the primary mental mechanism. Melega discusses illustrative examples from newborn infants, children of different ages, adolescents and adults, to illustrate her longstanding fascination with the process of symbol formation and its vicissitudes, including those transference moments at which symbols are forged during the analytic session.

1. The concept of 'symbol' in the post-Kleinian model of the mind
2. The early symbolic mind
3. Vicissitudes in symbol formation in infancy
4. Symbol formation in child analysis
5. Children's drawings and the analyst
6. Symbol formation in the analytical process
7. Hindrances to symbol formation

  • By (author) Marisa Pelella Mélega