Limoges Enamels

French Art in Medieval England with a Gazetteer of Limoges Finds

By (author) Marian Campbell

Book cover: Limoges Enamels

Extent: 228 pages

Publisher: Archaeopress Publishing

Subjects: Art & Art History, Medieval Studies

Language: English

Paperback (Published)

(December 2025)

ISBN: 9781803278834

10.87 x 7.99 inches

Price: $35.00

In stock

This study explores the arrival and ultimate fate of vivid enamelled copperwork from Limoges in medieval England. Through archaeological finds and a detailed gazetteer, it reveals how these sacred objects were later defaced or concealed during the Reformation’s attack on religious imagery.


Limoges enamelling was a cultural phenomenon in medieval Europe. Limoges in Aquitaine was the most famous and successful centre of the craft from about 1150 onwards. Its craftsmen created enamels on copper, distinctive for their vivid blues and multi-coloured rosettes. This book investigates the presence of Limoges enamels in medieval England, which was an early market for them, following the marriage of King Henry II in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine, a marriage which brought him Aquitaine, and with it Limoges. This pioneering survey of Limoges enamels in England focuses on what has been found – when and where. Some objects have been excavated by archaeologists, others found by chance or by metal detectorists. The Gazetteer is arranged by county of find-spot, and details the appearance, condition and provenance of surviving pieces. A new and quite separate story emerges from examining the particular damage sustained by numbers of enamels. Many pieces associated with the rituals of the Catholic church show deliberate mutilation. Corpus figures of Christ, once attached to crosses, show the most severe damage, missing hands and feet, or heads and limbs. Where find-spots are concerned, some pieces were found buried deep under church chancel floors or embedded inside church walls. Who might have placed them there and when? This strange pattern of concealment coupled with the troublingly consistent damage seems to provide evidence that these enamels were attacked by Protestant zealots in the 16th century Reformation, following the Tudor royal edicts of the 1530s, which classed many liturgical objects as ‘monuments of superstition and idolatry’.

List of Figures

Preface

Abbreviations

Limoges Enamels: French Art in Medieval England

Introduction

Enamels in England before AD c. 1150

Limoges and its medieval enamels

Physical condition of objects

Find spots and provenances

Specific find spots

Deliberate concealment and iconoclasm

Later history: English antiquaries and collectors of Limoges enamels

Work by Limoges craftsmen and their imitators in medieval England

Conclusion

Gazetteer of Limoges Enamels from Medieval England

Bedfordshire

Berkshire

Buckinghamshire

Cambridgeshire

Cheshire

Cumberland

Devon

Dorset

Durham

Essex

Gloucestershire

Hampshire

Herefordshire

Hertfordshire

Huntingdonshire

Kent

Leicestershire

Lincolnshire

London

London Private collections c. 1700-1840

Middlesex

Norfolk

Northamptonshire

Northumberland

Nottinghamshire

Oxfordshire

Rutland

Shropshire

Somerset

Staffordshire

Suffolk

Surrey

Sussex

Warwickshire

Westmorland

Wiltshire

Yorkshire

Appendix A: Excavated Limoges Objects

Appendix B: Opus Lemovicensis: ‘Work of Limoges’: Documentary References

Appendix C: Religious Houses and Cathedrals in England with Limoges Enamels

Bibliography

Image Credits

Index

  • By (author) Marian Campbell